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David Rabenau

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David Rabenau is a Certified Missouri Home Energy Auditor

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Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Accredited Professional (LEED® AP).
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Archive for October, 2009

Crazy Can Be Better

Monday, October 12th, 2009

For a time, the Department of Energy (DOE) debated whether or not to continue the ENERGY STAR label for programmable thermostats (sometimes called “set-back thermostats”). In theory, programmable thermostats can save approximately 8% each year on utility costs, or about $180 per year for a home with $2,200 in energy bills (see the ENERGY STAR site). The key, of course, is to establish a program that utilizes the setback feature of the thermostat. ENERGY STAR recommends that the setback for heating be at least 8 degrees F, and for cooling the setup be at least 7 degrees F. If the program is followed, then the homeowner can expect to achieve something like 8% in energy savings.

The problem is, of course, that the program in actual practice is rarely followed. That is why the DOE debated whether or not to continue the programmable thermostat participation in ENERGY STAR.

What happens? The other occupants of the home often override the programmed settings, and when doing so, as it turns out, actually set the thermostat higher in winter (or lower in summer) than the original setpoint temperature. In other words, let’s say the setpoint temperature is 70 degrees in winter and the thermostat is programmed to set back the temperature to 62 degrees during the day. In actual practice the thermostat would get over-ridden and the temperature set to 74 degrees.

If that’s frequently the case in your home, here’s a surprising alternative; simply program the thermostat to always set itself back to the setpoint; that is, you program the thermostat to set itself back to 70 degrees four times a day (particularly at specific times you feel will be most effective). In that way, when the kids, let’s say, come home and immediately go to the thermostat and set it to 74 — they’re cold! — the thermostat sets the temperature back to the original 70 degree setpoint a little while later.

Sound crazy? Perhaps. But in the real world sometimes “crazy” works better than “ideal”. Michael Blasnik found this alternative program can actually save just as much energy as the one suggested by ENERGY STAR (“Prioritizing Energy Saving Recommendations” workshop by M. Blasnick & Associates, Boston, MA). Of course, the more frequently the thermostat is capable of re-setting itself, the more effective it will be.

So if you live in a home where the thermostat is constantly being over-ridden, this might be the next best alternative for you, even if it sounds crazy.

All Fired Up Going Nowhere

Thursday, October 8th, 2009

Of course, what is defined as “success” can be viewed from many points of view. Usually, the success of an home energy audit is judged by the homeowner in terms of his or her need. Did it solve the comfort issue? Is the home now more energy efficient? More durable? Clients rarely wonder if their home is safe, but I have seen homeowners immediately decide that their $400 (or so) was well worth it after learning about a back-drafting water heater or a leaking natural gas line. Of course, as a business I’ve always got to keep my ears tuned to what clients define as success.

In fact, some homeowners seem to feel that their home energy audit is successful even if all they have to show for it is a report. It’s puzzling that people will pay good, hard-earned money for an audit and then do nothing about it.

But what about the auditor him or herself? How does an auditor define a successful audit?

Sadly, many gauge simply getting a job as success – at least historically. The history of this industry is rife with examples of utility and government program that funded residential energy audits, but which then have nothing to show for all that funding since the audits were never acted upon. Early on, many defined simply getting an audit done as “success”. Even now, I suspect some colleagues would define it that way. Sure, they’d love it if their audits were acted upon, but short of that, with families to feed and bills to pay, they’d be happy if their businesses was successful financially. One friend of mine, James Trout (who is behind www.mygreentoolkit.com, a website promoting energy efficiency to realtors), should know. The way he put it, “a lot of auditors are home watching Oprah these days”. Sadly, many of us energy auditors are indeed “all fired up going nowhere”.

Perhaps you already see where I’m going with this. Energy auditors absolutely must define the success of their work as going beyond the mere generation of a report and collection of their fee. They must do everything possible to get the homeowner to act upon the report. By my definition, anything short of that isn’t success.

Of course, I’m not always successful.

But am I being disingenuous? Hardly. Which of the following two scenarios do you think is more successful? A homeowner is entertaining in their home and a friend remarks that she is thinking about having an energy audit performed on her home. The homeowner replies, “Oh, we had one done by Show Me Home Energy Solutions a year ago.” The friend then asks how it came out.

In scenario one, the homeowner answers: “Oh, it explained a lot, and the report was very interesting, although we haven’t done anything with it yet. I can show you the report if you want – if I can find it.”

Or, how about this scenario instead: “Oh, it explained a lot – it was very interesting, and very effective. We had the work done and couldn’t believe the difference it made in the kids’ bedroom. You’re not going to believe what else we found. Here, let’s go upstairs and let me show you…”

You get the idea. The latter, of course, is the truly successful home energy audit. And it is the only path, I think, that will reliably generate future business. Remember, only if the recommendations are actually implemented can the house become more comfortable, or more energy efficiency, or more durable, or safer, or cost less to operate, or increase in value and desirability in the marketplace – or ALL of these things! Consequently, this is what people will be more than happy to talk about to others (for you).

In my own business model, I build the cost of a follow-up quality assurance (QA) visit into the price of any home energy assessment. When the homeowner has the work done, I’ll come back out and check it, and also re-test the home. The homeowner has already paid for this up-front so there’s no additional charge. Hopefully, this serves as an incentive to have work done.

What often happens, though, is that the work is performed but I’m never called back for QA. The homeowner is satisfied with the results and apparently never gets around to anything more than a phone call back to me. (In contrast, do-it-yourselfer’s almost always call me back for a follow-up.)

So be warned, homeowner: once I do a home energy audit, you can expect a phone call (or two) from me in the weeks or months ahead.

The whole industry is struggling with this issue. An alternative business model is to combine the contractor/remodeler business with the energy audit (the latter usually as a loss leader). But as models go, that business model has it’s own foibles. But, then, that’s another blog post…

Thus, that’s how I define a successful home energy audit. Whether you are a homeowner or a colleague, I’d be interested in what you think. What makes an energy audit successful, and what suggestions you have to help auditors make them so?

3 “Different” Books for the Auditor

Thursday, October 1st, 2009

These three books are only “different” in the sense that you won’t see them on a typical booklist for the residential energy professional. Yet they’re three of my most valued books, and I find myself referring to at least one of them on a weekly basis.

Warning, though: You have to like buildings to like these books. If you like everything about buildings, construction, and building science, you’ll love these books.

#1 – How Buildings Learn: What happens after they’re built by Stewart Brand (Penguin Books, 1994). A popular architecture book by the creator of The Whole Earth Catalog, this book is a work of genius in its depth of thought and awareness of what buildings try to tell us. If nothing else, this book will change the way you look at a every new home you meet, providing you a kind of detailed and philosophical framework that I think is necessary for excellent building analysis. It is easily the best book on buildings, their architecture, their use, and their interaction in the larger scheme of their environment, that I have ever read.

#2 – Renovation 3rd Edition by Michael W. Litchfield (The Taunton Press, 2005). Thoroughly updated, this book is an absolutely great reference for any kind of renovation or remodeling work in virtually any home you’ll encounter. While I use it as a reference, it would probably also serve as a primer to those new to construction, particularly in helping the auditor know what’s possible and in helping to write specifications. Here is its chapter list:

  • Inspecting a House
  • Planning
  • Tools
  • Building Materials
  • Roofs
  • Doors, Windows, and Skylights
  • Exteriors
  • Structural Carpentry
  • Masonry
  • Foundations and Concrete
  • Electrical Wiring
  • Plumbing
  • Kitchens and Baths
  • Energy Conservation and Air Quality
  • Finish Surfaces
  • Tiling
  • Finish Carpentry
  • Painting
  • Wallpapering
  • Flooring

#3 – All About Old Buildings: The Whole Preservation Catalog by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, edited by Diane Maddex (The Preservation Press, 1985). Unfortunately, this book is out of print, but it can be found in many libraries, and used copies still purchased at online booksellers (and quite cheaply too). Some of its entries are also out of date, but the book is full of great photos, stories and resources. Whenever I wonder if there is a resource for this or that, this is the second place I turn (after doing an online search). The book is a The Whole Earth Catalog for buildings, construction, and preservation.