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David Rabenau

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Credentials

David Rabenau is a Certified Missouri Home Energy Auditor

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Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Accredited Professional (LEED® AP).
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BPI Certified Professional:
Building Analyst
Envelope

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Energy and Environmental Ratings Alliance
Certified HERS Rater

Archive for the ‘DIY’ Category

Common Misconceptions: Insulation Is All You Need

Tuesday, April 27th, 2010

Ask most homeowners whose utility bills are high what their homes need, and more likely than not they will reply “insulation”. One of the very first homes I audited was for a elementary school teacher who was a friend. She was going to buy more insulation for her home and thought she’d run the idea by me. I went over to her home and tested it with a blower door, and no amount of insulation was going to bring her utility bills down. It was one of the leakiest homes I’ve measured, still to this day. In other words, it had a lot of air moving through it. What most homeowners don’t realize is that insulation is only one side of the coin. Air sealing is the other. The two combined, an air seal and insulation, is what defines a good thermal barrier in the home, and yet most non-professionals only know about insulation.

A way to illustrate this might be the following example. Let’s say you want to go for a bicycle ride on a somewhat chilly day. Outside temperatures are in the upper 30’s F. If you put on your fleece jacket and hop on your bike, do you think you’re going to stay warm? Doubtful. Why? Because you know that cold air will sail right through that fleece rendering it next to worthless in keeping you warm. Put an outer windproof shell over that fleece and immediately you’ll notice a huge difference. In fact, it’s safe to say that you might quickly find yourself too warm. Not only is fleece (insulation) more or less worthless when air can circulate through it, by comparison it’s not even as important as the shell (the air barrier). If you’re riding that bicycle on a cold winter day and had to choose between a shell (air barrier) and a fleece jacket (insulation), which one would you choose?

Even still, in the building science classes that I teach for up-and-coming BPI home energy auditors, it takes awhile for this to sink in. Invariably when asked what can be done to an example home that is leaky, a couple of hands rise and blurt out “Add insulation”. This notion has been so ingrained in us by the pink, blue or beige insulation companies that it even takes some trained professionals awhile to get it. Oh, and that R-value printed on the insulation package? It was measured when the insulation was enclosed on all six sides in an airtight enclosure.

So the first common building science misconception is that insulation is all you need. While that may be true for a specific home here and there, it is most often incomplete. That insulation must be paired up and side-by-side with a good air barrier. Otherwise, that bike ride is going to be pretty darned cold.

Wrapped Is (Usually) Bad

Tuesday, March 16th, 2010

I was walking the insulation aisle of a big home store today when to my dismay I saw wrapped fiberglass insulation is back. This is batt fiberglass insulation that is in a thin perforated plastic sheathing so that the fiberglass is contained in a tube of sorts. It’s supposed to be easier to handle. I’m not so sure about that, but I am sure that this type of insulation is usually bad news.

When I first saw this kind of insulation about seven years back, its maker made the claim that the insulation was safe to install over existing insulation (even though it’s wrapped in plastic, or, one could say, “faced”). They said because of the perforations in the plastic wrapping, it would still allow water vapor to pass through it. It doesn’t. The company (hint: they make pink insulation) isn’t making that claim now – or at least I didn’t see it on the label – but buyer beware! Don’t put this insulation over existing insulation and assume that it will breath. It absolutely simply doesn’t. I know, because I didn’t believe it then. I bought a roll, tore off some of the plastic wrapping (holes and all) and then using the perforated wrap I covered a steaming pot of water. Sure, some of the water vapor probably did escape through the holes, but a lot of it condensed on the underside of the wrapping. (Experiment with this yourself: take some kitchen plastic wrap and punch holes in it, then cover a glass that you just filled half way with steaming water, and watch what happens.) If you use this wrapped insulation, you invite the same potential condensation in your attic.

Demonstration of condensation

And what is “nice” about it, anyway? You really shouldn’t install it without a mask, eye protection, gloves, long sleeve shirt and pants, etc. anyway. At least I wouldn’t. (Once you cut the roll, you’ve exposed the fiberglass, and it’s no longer so “nice”.) Buy the regular unfaced batts instead. They’ll let water vapor through and, besides, they’re cheaper.

To me, this stuff is such a rip-off. I have had clients remove this type of insulation when I’ve found it in their attics over the top of older insulation. The most recent one was a widow, and she didn’t need this kind of headache. For all I know, perhaps her late husband installed it, thinking he was taking good care of their house. So, in addition to paying for the materials and the time (or expense) to have it installed, sorry to say but it now really needs to come out. (Fortunately, one of my recommended insulation contractors was willing to unwrap it for her and re-install the old fiberglass.)

Simply put, it’s not good for the durability of the home: it will allow water vapor to condense, and any water in a home where you don’t want or expect it can be a nasty thing. Think mold or rot. Besides, there are so many other good alternatives (unfaced batts, blown fiberglass, blown cellulose).

3 “Different” Books for the Auditor

Thursday, October 1st, 2009

These three books are only “different” in the sense that you won’t see them on a typical booklist for the residential energy professional. Yet they’re three of my most valued books, and I find myself referring to at least one of them on a weekly basis.

Warning, though: You have to like buildings to like these books. If you like everything about buildings, construction, and building science, you’ll love these books.

#1 – How Buildings Learn: What happens after they’re built by Stewart Brand (Penguin Books, 1994). A popular architecture book by the creator of The Whole Earth Catalog, this book is a work of genius in its depth of thought and awareness of what buildings try to tell us. If nothing else, this book will change the way you look at a every new home you meet, providing you a kind of detailed and philosophical framework that I think is necessary for excellent building analysis. It is easily the best book on buildings, their architecture, their use, and their interaction in the larger scheme of their environment, that I have ever read.

#2 – Renovation 3rd Edition by Michael W. Litchfield (The Taunton Press, 2005). Thoroughly updated, this book is an absolutely great reference for any kind of renovation or remodeling work in virtually any home you’ll encounter. While I use it as a reference, it would probably also serve as a primer to those new to construction, particularly in helping the auditor know what’s possible and in helping to write specifications. Here is its chapter list:

  • Inspecting a House
  • Planning
  • Tools
  • Building Materials
  • Roofs
  • Doors, Windows, and Skylights
  • Exteriors
  • Structural Carpentry
  • Masonry
  • Foundations and Concrete
  • Electrical Wiring
  • Plumbing
  • Kitchens and Baths
  • Energy Conservation and Air Quality
  • Finish Surfaces
  • Tiling
  • Finish Carpentry
  • Painting
  • Wallpapering
  • Flooring

#3 – All About Old Buildings: The Whole Preservation Catalog by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, edited by Diane Maddex (The Preservation Press, 1985). Unfortunately, this book is out of print, but it can be found in many libraries, and used copies still purchased at online booksellers (and quite cheaply too). Some of its entries are also out of date, but the book is full of great photos, stories and resources. Whenever I wonder if there is a resource for this or that, this is the second place I turn (after doing an online search). The book is a The Whole Earth Catalog for buildings, construction, and preservation.